Critical behavior of 2,6-dimethylpyridine-water: Measurements of specific heat, dynamic light scattering, and shear viscosity

Abstract

The specific heat C-p at constant pressure, the shear viscosity eta(s), and the mutual diffusion coefficient D of the 2,6-dimethylpyridine-water mixture of critical composition have been measured in the homogeneous phase at various temperatures near the lower critical demixing temperature T-c. The amplitude of the fluctuation correlation length xi(0)=(0.198 +/- 0.004) nm has been derived from a combined evaluation of the eta(s) and D data. This value is in reasonable agreement with the one obtained from the amplitude A(+)=(0.26 +/- 0.01) J/(g K) of the critical term in the specific heat, using the two-scale-factor universality relation. Within the limits of error the relaxation rate Gamma of order parameter fluctuations follows power law with the theoretical universal exponent and with the amplitude Gamma=(25 +/- 1)x10(9) s(-1). No indications of interferences of the critical fluctuations with other elementary chemical reactions have been found. A noteworthy result is the agreement of the background viscosity eta(b), resulting from the treatment of eta(s) and D data, with the viscosity eta(s)(nu=0) extrapolated from high-frequency viscosity data. The latter have been measured in the frequency range of 5-130 MHz using a novel shear impedance spectrometer.