A longitudinal study of static analysis warning evolution and the effects of PMD on software quality in Apache open source projects

2020 | journal article; research paper. A publication with affiliation to the University of Göttingen.

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​Trautsch, Alexander, Steffen Herbold, and Jens Grabowski. "A longitudinal study of static analysis warning evolution and the effects of PMD on software quality in Apache open source projects​." ​Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 25, no. 6, ​2020, pp. 5137​-5192​, ​doi: 10.1007/s10664-020-09880-1. 

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Authors
Trautsch, Alexander ; Herbold, Steffen ; Grabowski, Jens 
Abstract
Abstract Automated static analysis tools (ASATs) have become a major part of the software development workflow. Acting on the generated warnings, i.e., changing the code indicated in the warning, should be part of, at latest, the code review phase. Despite this being a best practice in software development, there is still a lack of empirical research regarding the usage of ASATs in the wild. In this work, we want to study ASAT warning trends in software via the example of PMD as an ASAT and its usage in open source projects. We analyzed the commit history of 54 projects (with 112,266 commits in total), taking into account 193 PMD rules and 61 PMD releases. We investigate trends of ASAT warnings over up to 17 years for the selected study subjects regarding changes of warning types, short and long term impact of ASAT use, and changes in warning severities. We found that large global changes in ASAT warnings are mostly due to coding style changes regarding braces and naming conventions. We also found that, surprisingly, the influence of the presence of PMD in the build process of the project on warning removal trends for the number of warnings per lines of code is small and not statistically significant. Regardless, if we consider defect density as a proxy for external quality, we see a positive effect if PMD is present in the build configuration of our study subjects.
Issue Date
2020
Journal
Empirical Software Engineering 
Organization
Institut für Informatik 
ISSN
1382-3256; 1573-7616
eISSN
1573-7616
Language
English
Sponsor
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

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