GABA-Glycine Cotransmitting Neurons in the Ventrolateral Medulla: Development and Functional Relevance for Breathing

2019 | journal article. A publication with affiliation to the University of Göttingen.

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​Hirrlinger, Johannes, et al. "GABA-Glycine Cotransmitting Neurons in the Ventrolateral Medulla: Development and Functional Relevance for Breathing​." ​Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 13, ​2019, , ​doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00517. 

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Authors
Hirrlinger, Johannes ; Marx, Grit; Besser, Stefanie; Sicker, Marit; Köhler, Susanne; Hirrlinger, Petra G.; Wojcik, Sonja M. ; Eulenburg, Volker; Winkler, Ulrike; Hülsmann, Swen 
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons crucially contribute to shaping the breathing rhythm in the brain stem. These neurons use GABA or glycine as neurotransmitter; or co-release GABA and glycine. However, the developmental relationship between GABAergic, glycinergic and cotransmitting neurons, and the functional relevance of cotransmitting neurons has remained enigmatic. Transgenic mice expressing fluorescent markers or the split-Cre system in inhibitory neurons were developed to track the three different interneuron phenotypes. During late embryonic development, the majority of inhibitory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla are cotransmitting cells, most of which differentiate into GABAergic and glycinergic neurons around birth and around postnatal day 4, respectively. Functional inactivation of cotransmitting neurons revealed an increase of the number of respiratory pauses, the cycle-by-cycle variability, and the overall variability of breathing. In summary, the majority of cotransmitting neurons differentiate into GABAergic or glycinergic neurons within the first 2 weeks after birth and these neurons contribute to fine-tuning of the breathing pattern.
Issue Date
2019
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Journal
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 
eISSN
1662-5102
eISSN
1662-5102
Language
English

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