Metallic iron for safe drinking water worldwide

Abstract

A new concept for household and large-scale safe drinking water production is presented. Raw water is successively filtered through a series of sand and iron filters. Sand filters mostly remove suspended particles (media filtration) and iron filters remove anions, cations, micro-pollutants, natural organic matter, and micro-organisms including pathogens (reactive filtration). Accordingly, treatment steps conventionally achieved with flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and disinfection are achieved in the new concept in only two steps. To prevent bed clogging, Fe-0 is mixed with inert materials, yielding Fe-0/sand filters. Efficient water treatment in Fe-0/sand filters has been extensively investigated during the past two decades. Two different contexts are particularly important in this regard: (i) underground permeable reactive barriers and (ii) household water filters. In these studies, the process of aqueous iron corrosion in a packed bed was proven very efficient for unspecific aqueous contaminant removal. Been based on a chemical process (iron corrosion), efficient water treatment in Fe beds is necessarily coupled with a slow flow rate. Therefore, for large communities several filters should work in parallel to produce enough water for storage and distribution. It appears that water filtration through Fe-0/sand filters is an efficient, affordable, a flexible technology for the whole world. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.