Influence of rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic action of power toothbrushes on abrasion of sound and eroded dentine

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of sound and eroded dentine to brushing abrasion performed by different rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes. Toothbrushing abrasion (20 cycles, each 30 s) was applied to bovine dentine samples (each subgroup n = 10) exhibiting both a demineralized (each cycle: 1% citric acid, pH: 2.3, 60 s; 30 min remineralization in artificial saliva) and a sound surface area. Toothbrushing was performed in an automatic brushing machine with the rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes either (a) activated, supplemented by 20 strokes/min of the brushing machine, (b) inactivated, supplemented by 20 strokes/min of the brushing machine or (c) inactivated, supplemented by 80 strokes/min of the brushing machine. A manual toothbrush was applied with 20, 80 or 100 linear strokes/min. Specimens of the control group were not brushed after erosion. After each cycle, the samples were stored in artificial saliva for 4 h. After 20 cycles, loss of sound and softened dentine was determined by profilometry. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni corrections were applied to the data (p < 0.05). For all groups, demineralized dentin areas exhibited significantly higher abrasion values than the respective sound dentine surfaces. However, mean dentine loss of both softened and sound dentine was higher after use of the rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic brushes with the activated regime [(a) eroded dentine: 9.94-16.45 mu m; sound dentine: 3.31-5.47 mu m] than after brushing with the inactivated regimes [(b) eroded dentine: 5.10-5.62 mu m; sound dentine: 1.16-1.81 mu m; (c) eroded dentin: 7.64-8.89 mu m; sound dentine: 1.38-1.69 mu m]. The results indicate that rotating-oscillating, sonic or ultrasonic action of the power toothbrushes leads to an increased loss of demineralized and sound dentine.